hospitalitynU

Fire Prevention To protect the lives of guests, employees and the general public who may visit and use the facilities of a hotel. A basic knowledge regarding fire should assist in preventing fires and extinguishing them quickly if they occur. The Fire Triangle Three components are necessary for a fire to start, if one of the three is not present, or is removed, then the fire does not happen or it is extinguished. The three parts are - Fuel: something to burn. - Air: oxygen to sustain combustion (to keep the fire going) - Heat: gas, electricity, etc. To extinguish a fire the three principal methods are: - Starving: removing the fuel. - Smothering: removing the air (oxygen). - Cooling: removing the heat. The fuel is that which burns, heat is that which sets the fuel alight and oxygen is needed for fire to burn. Eliminate one of these and the fire goes out. For example, should the clothes of someone working in the kitchen catch alight, then quickly lay them down...

The use of building cooling systems in the hotel industry has greatly increased management's physical plant responsibility. For a hotel building it undoubtedly has some type of air-cooling system, even if it is only needed for a month or two during the entire year. Customers expect and demand a comfortable environment. Air cooling reduces the seasonal nature of many lodging and foodservice businesses. The heart of the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) system is the air-conditioning component. It is most costly component to install. It is greatly affected by building construction techniques and materials. Its air quality output can have very good or very poor effects on employees and customers. Its operating cost can be very high. Its maintenance requirements are generally the highest of all electromechanical systems within the building. TERMS There are three terms that describe the systems used to cool air: air-conditioning, air-cooling and refrigerated air. ...

INTRODUCTION Refrigeration is cooling of food and beverage stores and wine cellars. Air-cooling and food storage depend on adequate and economical refrigeration systems. Refrigeration is necessary for complete, year-round air-conditioned comfort for hotels Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise one pound of a substance 1°F at atmospheric pressure. (Notice the difference with the definition of the BTU: the BTU is the heat required to raise the temperature of water, whereas specific heat is for any substance.) British Thermal Unit (BTU): The amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water 1°F at atmospheric pressure. Sensible Heat Sensible heat is that heat given off or absorbed by a substance which does not cause the substance to change phase. Sensible heat changes are observed as changes in temperature and are measured by a thermometer. Latent Heat Latent heat is given off or absorbed by a substance that is changing phase. The temperature and...

Sinks & Basin Sinks & basins are used for washing purpose. Sinks are used for washing pots, utensils, vessels, crockery & cutleries & other general purposes. Different materials are used for sinks according to the purpose for which they are intended: • Heavily galvanized iron for heavy pot wash • Stainless steel for general purpose. Basins are used for hand washing purposes. They are used in guestrooms bathrooms, restroom, utility areas etc. They are made of porcelain. Sinks & basins normally have hot & cold water supply through a faucet. The faucet is connected with the fixture branch by a flexible connecting pipe. The waste water outlet is connected with the drainage either through a waste pipe or bottle trap, which have a screw cap that is removed to clean the clogging if any. The basin is connected in the drain pipe with a filter cockroach trap with a stopper. This does not allow cockroaches to enter the room from the drainage & stopper, is use...

In addition to the fuel for heating & electric power as the energy sources, water is the third primary energy source in hotels. Hotels are very dependent on safe, potable water supply & a sanitary drainage network. Nowadays, water has become a very important energy source. Sources of water The sources of water are: • Surface sources, e.g. rivers, lakes, ponds, etc. • Ground water taken out by water pumps, tubewells, wells.etc. • Recycled water e.g. treated waste water used in hotels for washing & other uses than drinking or cooking. The water from the above sources may be obtained by the public works department or by self-drilling underground till the water table & tapping the water source underground. Generally, surface Water are found to be more potable than ground water if the bore-well has not been drilled till the water table beneath the earth. The primary sources of fresh water are rivers, lakes, & ground water. If rivers & lakes become pol...

MEANING & USE:  Fundamentally, electricity is the by product of another energy resources. It is produced from energy reserves. The conventional generation of electricity utilizes coal, oil, gas, or nuclear energy to heat water, producing high-temperature pressure steam. The steam flows through an electric turbine generator. Generator is the machine used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Generator is comprised of the essential elements of Faraday’s law to produce Electrical power. Faraday’s law says three things must be present in order to produce electrical current: • Magnetic field • Conductor • Relative motion Conductor cuts lines of magnetic flux; a voltage is induced in the conductor. Direction & speed is important in this activity. Electricity is indispensable in the hotels. Electricity can be used for heat, light & power. Normal building electric energy cost is close to two third of the total energy budget for the building. The p...